Kuyini ukuvuselelwa kwe-resin ye-IX?
Ngokuqhubeka komjikelezo owodwa noma eminingi, i-resin ye-IX izophela, okusho ukuthi ayisakwazi ukwenza ukusabela kokushintshaniswa kwe-ion. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ion ezingcolile zibophezele cishe kuwo wonke amasayithi asebenzayo ku-resin matrix. Kalula nje, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kuyinqubo lapho amaqembu asebenzayo anionic noma e-cationic ebuyiselwa kumethrix we-resin osetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-chemical regenerant, yize inqubo ngqo kanye nokuvuselelwa okusetshenzisiwe kuzoncika ezintweni eziningana zenqubo.
Izinhlobo zezinqubo zokuvuselela i-resin ye-IX
Izinhlelo ze-IX ngokuvamile zithatha uhlobo lwamakholomu aqukethe uhlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwe-resin. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wensizakalo, ukusakaza kuqondiswa kukholamu ye-IX lapho iphendula khona ne-resin. Umjikelezo wokuvuselelwa ungaba olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili, ngokuya ngendlela isisombululo esivuselelayo esithathayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
1）Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Co-flow (CFR). Ku-CFR, isixazululo esivuselelayo silandela indlela efanayo nesixazululo okufanele siphathwe, okuvame ukuba phezulu kuya phansi kukholamu ye-IX. I-CFR ayisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile lapho ukugeleza okukhulu kudinga ukwelashwa noma kudingeka ikhwalithi ephezulu, ngoba i-acid cation enamandla (i-SAC) kanye nemibhede eqinile ye-resin anion (SBA) ngoba inqwaba yesixazululo esivuselelayo izodingeka ukuvuselela i-resin ngokufanayo. Ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa ngokugcwele, i-resin ingavuza i-ion engcolisayo emfudlaneni ophathwayo ekuqhutshweni kwesevisi okulandelayo.
2）Ukuguqula ukugeleza kabusha kokuvuselelwan (i-RFR). Eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwe-counterflow, i-RFR ifaka ukujova kwesixazululo esizenzakalelayo kolunye uhlangothi lokugeleza kwensiza. Lokhu kungasho ukuvuselelwa kokulayisha / ukwehla kokugeleza komjikelezo noma umjikelezo wokuvuselelwa kokugeleza kokugeleza. Kunoma ikuphi, isixazululo esivuselelayo sithinta izingqimba ze-resin ezingakhathali kuqala, okwenza inqubo yokuvuselela isebenze kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-RFR idinga isixazululo esingaqali esizivelelayo futhi iholela ekuvuza okuncane okungcolisayo, yize kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-RFR isebenza kuphela ngempumelelo uma izingqimba ze-resin zihlala endaweni yazo yonke lapho kwenziwa kabusha. Ngakho-ke, i-RFR kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngamakholomu ombhede ogcwele i-IX, noma uma uhlobo oluthile lwedivayisi yokugcina lusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-resin ekuhambeni phakathi kwekholomu.
Izinyathelo ezibandakanyeka ekuvuselelweni kabusha kwe-resin ye-IX
Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo kumjikelezo wokuvuselelwa ziqukethe okulandelayo:
I-Backwash. Ukubuyisela emuva emuva kwenziwa nge-CFR kuphela, futhi kufaka hlangana nokuhlanza i-resin ukuze kususwe okuqinile okulengisiwe futhi kusatshalaliswe ubuhlalu be-resin obuhlanganisiwe. Ukudlikizela kobuhlalu kusiza ukususa noma yiziphi izinhlayiya ezinhle kanye nokufakwa ebusweni be-resin.
Umjovo wokuvuselela. Isixazululo esivuselelekayo sifakwa kukholamu ye-IX ngezinga lokugeleza okuphansi ukuvumela isikhathi esanele sokuxhumana ne-resin. Inqubo yokuvuselelwa iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kumayunithi ombhede ahlanganisiwe ahlala zombili izinhlaka ze-anion ne-cation. Embhedeni oxubekile we-IX wokupholisha, isibonelo, izinhlaka zihlukaniswa kuqala, bese kusetshenziswa i-caustic regenerant, ilandelwe yi-acid regenerant.
Ukufuduka okuvuselelayo. I-regenerant ikhishwa kancane kancane ukwethulwa okuhamba kancane kwamanzi okuxubeka, imvamisa kusilinganiso sokugeleza esifanayo nesixazululo esivuselelayo. Ezingxenyeni zombhede ezixubekile, ukufuduka kwenzeka ngemuva kokufakwa kwesisombululo ngasinye esivuselelayo, bese izinhlaka zihlanganiswa nomoya ocindezelweyo noma i-nitrogen. Izinga lokugeleza kwalesi sigaba "sokuhlanza kancane" kumele liphathwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukulimala kobuhlalu be-resin.
Hlanza. Okokugcina, i-resin ihlanzwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esifanayo nomjikelezo wesevisi. Umjikelezo wokuhlanza kufanele uqhubeke kuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni lekhwalithi lamanzi elihlosiwe.
Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuvuselelwa kwe-resin ye-IX?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-resin ludinga isethi encane yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezingaba khona. Lapha, sichaze izixazululo ezivamile zokuzivuselela ngohlobo lwe-resin, futhi safingqa ezinye izindlela lapho kufanele khona.
Ama-regenerants aqinile we-acid cation (SAC)
Izinhlaka ze-SAC zingavuselelwa kuphela ngama-acid aqinile. I-Sodium chloride (NaCl) iyona evuselelekayo ejwayelekile yokuthambisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengoba ishibhile futhi itholakala kalula. IPotassium chloride (KCl) enye indlela ejwayelekile kuneNaCl lapho i-sodium ingathandeki kusisombululo esiphathwayo, kuyilapho i-ammonium chloride (i-NH4Cl) ivamise ukufakwa kwizicelo zokuthambisa ezishisayo ze-condensate.
I-Demineralization inqubo enezinyathelo ezimbili, eyokuqala okubandakanya ukususwa kwama-cations kusetshenziswa i-resin ye-SAC. I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl) iyisakhi esisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi esisetshenziswa kakhulu esivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezincazelo. I-Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), ngenkathi enye indlela engabizi kakhulu futhi engeyona ingozi kune-HCl, inamandla okusebenza aphansi, futhi ingaholela ekuthambekeni kwe-calcium sulphate uma isetshenziswa endaweni ephezulu kakhulu.
Izakhi zokuvuselela ze-acid cation (WAC) ezibuthakathaka
I-HCl iyindlela yokuzivikela ephephe kunazo zonke, ephumelela kunazo zonke ekusetshenzisweni kwe-dealkalization. I-H2SO4 ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela ye-HCl, yize kufanele igcinwe endaweni ephansi ukugwema imvula ye-calcium sulphate. Ezinye izindlela zifaka i-acid ebuthakathaka, njenge-acetic acid (CH3COOH) noma i-citric acid, nayo kwesinye isikhathi esetshenziselwa ukuvuselela izinhlaka ze-WAC.
Izakhi zokuvuselela zeStrong Base Anion (SBA)
Izinhlaka ze-SBA zingavuselelwa kuphela ngezisekelo eziqinile. I-Caustic soda (i-NaOH) cishe isetshenziswa njalo njenge-SBA egengenerant for demineralization. I-Caustic potash nayo ingasetshenziswa, yize kuyabiza.
Izinhlaka ze-Weak Base Anion (WBA)
I-NaOH icishe isetshenziselwe ukuvuselelwa kwe-WBA, yize ama-alkalis abuthakathaka angasetshenziswa, njenge-Ammonia (NH3), i-Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), noma ukumiswa kwe-lime.
Isikhathi Iposi: Jun-16-2021